1 ARGUL
A short melody pipe with finger holes, and an adjacent longer drone pipe. The end two pieces of the drone pipe can be detached to shorten the drone pipe and alter the pitch of the drone. Each pipe has a free blowing reed. Both are inserted completely into the mouth for playing. Egypt, July 1995.

2 BERIMBAU
Brazilian percussion instrument adopted from Africa. Played by hitting the wire above and below the leather thong with a stick and moving the gourd to and from the body to produce a wah effect. A coin or stone is applied to the wire with the hand holding the bow and a caxixi held near the stick shakes as the stick hits the wire. The main accompanying instrument for the Bahaian capoeira, a stylized fighting dance.
North and North-East Brazil: Berimbau or berimbau de barriga. Southern Brazil: Uruncungu

3 CASTANETS
1995

4 CAXIXI
Basket rattle held in the same hand as the stick that beats the berimbau to give a simultaneous rhythm.

5 CHIRIMIA
Guatemalan oboe. 1995. Chirimia (Spanish) and xirimia (Catalan) = shawm. Played in Spain and the New World. Played to announce bullfights.

6 CONCH
a) Polynesian pu shell trumpet. The blunt end of the conch shell is bored to form a mouthpiece. Similar to the highly prized Andean qquepa which was used in warfare to intimidate the enemy. Hawaii 1992. Gift of Kathy Grant
b) Tibetan. Made in Nepal by Tibetan refugees. 1995

7 CHULUS
Goat's hoof rattles. Chile. Also known as chajchas. Donated by Rob and Ann Rowan, Santa Rosa, 1995.

8 DARABUKA
Goblet drum of Islamic Middle East and North Africa. From Arabic darba = to strike. Also darbukka.
Dombak, dombek, tumbek or zarb (Iran); derbocka (Morocco and Algeria); dumbelek (Turkey); tarabuka (Greece). Made by Paul Gibson, Dorrigo, NSW 1990.

9 DIDJERIDU
Didjeridus are aerophones found amongst Aboriginals of the coastal regions of the north of Australia. They are branches and trunks of trees hollowed out by termites. A feature of didjeridu playing is the continuous blowing technique. Didjeridu is the spelling preferred by the Australian Institute for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies. Didjeridu is not an Aboriginal word, but an English word based on the sound of the didjeridu when played. There are some 45 different Aboriginal words for didjeridu including bombo, lhambilbilg, pampuu, yidaki, yiraki.
a) Made by David Gulpalil c1985. In F. Natural ochre artwork.
b) Brass didjeribone. Made by Phil Sarazen, Toronto, Canada, 1996
c) Gift of Alastiar Black 1997

10 DIZI
Chinese black and green jade flute with vibrating membrane over hole between mouth hole and first finger hole to alter sound characteristics. In G. September 1995.

11 DVOYANKA
Bulgarian flute with drone pipe. September 1995.

12 FLAGEOLETS
a) Porcelain in G. Made in Holland by Geert Jacob using special firing techniques. Jacob's Ladder brand. 1994
b) Anodised aluminium made by Christaan Dolislager, Naremburn. Dolang brand.
i) G, 1995
ii) Low D, 1998
c) Plastic "Flutophone." USA 1992. Shows wider bell for increased loudness and raised holes for easier fingering.
d) Clay. Cantaro de coyotepec. Oaxaca, Mexico. Bent pipe, 1995. Straight, 1996.
e) Tunisian reed flute. Donated by Andrea Edwards 1995.
f) Double flageolet. Made by Mark Binns from olive wood, Fremantle, 1996.
g) Native olive whistle in B flat. Made and donated by Malcolm McLaren, Berriedale, December 1998.
h) Tourist flute. Sea World, Surfers' Paradise, 1977. Donated by Robin Burtt.

13 FLUTES
a) Mouthpiece twisted by Darren Llewellyn so concert flute can be played vertically. 1993.
b) Native American flutes. i) Apache Spirit Flute. The four finger holes represent north, east, south and west and provide a pentatonic scale. Very soft, very pure sound. Made by Nev Autrey from red cedar, USA July 1995.
ii) Plains flute with loon bill design and six holes. Lakota love flute. Nev Autrey 1995.
iii) Sonoran 6 hole flute in G. Ken Light 1995. Scale is G, A#, C, D, E, F#, g#
iv) Side-blown plastic flute. Lew Price 1995. Scale is E, F, F#, G, G#, A, A#.
c) Ceremonial flute. Blown to ward off evil spirits. Sepik River, Papua-New Guinea. Gift of Wayne Edwards, 1995.
d) Chinese flutes. Cane. i) A and ii) C, 1996.
e) Crystal flutes. Made by Hall, Washington,USA.
i) Lily design in G. 1995
ii) Ivy design in D. 1995
iii) Piccolo 1995
f) Indonesian bamboo transverse flute. 1993.
g) Harmonic flutes. The notes are produced by blowing harder and softer combined with covering, half covering and uncovering the hole at the far end.
i) Pearwood, Germany, July 1995.
ii) Bamboo. Made by Colin Offord, Leura, 1996. Gift of Kathy Grant.
h) Vanuatuan bamboo notched end flute with blocked end and only two distant finger holes, 1995.
i) Pricepipe in E flat. Made by Lew Paxton Price 1995
j) Whole Earth Forest flute in E. Lew Price 1995.
k) Kenyan flute. From Colin Offord who got it from a friend who played with the "Bomas of Kenya.", 1988.
l) Wooden concert flute. Rudall-Carte. Late 1800s. Bought from Bill O'Toole, 1996.
m) Plastic home made piccolo. Manufactured and donated by Andy Rigby, 1999

14 HARMONICAS
a) In C
b) Mini harmonica. China 1995.
c) Mini harmonica. Gift of Deacon Spicer 1996

15 HORNS
a) Irian Jaya communications horn. Gift from Holly Grant 1997
b) Four-belled plastic Yamaha sports trumpet. Gift of Bruce Innocent 1998.

16 JAW'S HARPS
Held up to lips and thin metal or bamboo is twanged.
a) Metal in D. USA 1995
b) Khomus in G. Russian, 1996. From "Rasta" Robert Peet
c) Bamboo Philippino kubings.
i) Large fancy, 1995 ii) Plain, 1996
d) Papua-New Guinea. ?Geng-gong Gift from Wayne Edwards, 1995
e) Indian morsing in D, 1998

17 KAUKUMBA
Flute from Simbu Province's Chimbu tribe of Papua-NG, Central Highlands. Cockroach design. 1982. Played by blowing across sound hole to split the airstream. Donated by Wayne Edwards 1995.

18 KAVAL
Bulgarian rim-blown shepherd's flute in D. Airstream is split by the bevelled mouthpiece rim. Played in South-East Europe and Turkey. 60-90 cms long. D is usual key. Mostly chromatic with almost three octaves. Lowest of the three sections has four 'devil's holes' for tuning. The brass rings protect the wood from splitting. Made by Linsey Pollak, Kin Kin, from gidgee wood, 1994.

19 KAZOO
New York 1995

20 MAUI XAFOON
Made from bamboo on Hawaiian island of Maui 1995. Uses tenor sax reed and a lot of breath. Depth of reed inside mouth is critical. Two octaves.

21 MBIRA
Mbira is the generic name for several African thumb pianos or lamellophones. Tongues are metal or bamboo. Zimbabwe 1994. Also called lekembe (Tanzania), kalinda or kalimba (South Africa), sansa.

22 MEY or DUDUK
Armenian clarinet with huge reed (gamosh). Known as a duduk in Turkey, but duduk can refer to a simple fipple flute.

23 MOSENO
Bolivian flute. Air is blown into the mouth hole of the smaller section, travels across into the larger section and is split by a notch at the rear. Donated by Kathy Grant, September 1995.

24 MUSICAL BALLS
a) Brass Balinese gong seng (3). Donated by Mark Cain, 1995.
b) Enamelled Vietnamese (2). Donated by Crompton Spicer, 1995.
c) Health balls 1996

25 NAGASVARAM
Conical oboe of Southern India. About 95 cms long. Uses an oval reed (classed as a double reed) mounted on a short conical staple. Seven equidistant fingerholes. Two octaves. The exceedingly vibrant penetrating sound is valued as auspicious and endears it to everyone. Played in Hindu temples at morning and evening worship, and during processions and festivals. Also called nayanam (Tamil) or nagasuram. Bought from Bill O'Toole 1994.

26 NAY or NEY
a) Central Nile. Rim-blown flute. The airstream is split by blowing across the rim of the mouthpiece. The only wind instrument used in Islamic art music and whirling dervishes. Bought from Bill O'Toole 1994.
b) Megwes ney, 1997
c) Microplastic in C. Made by Lew Paxton Price, California, 1995

27 NOSE FLUTE
Ohio, 1995.

28 NOTCHED FLUTES
Andean flutes. Mainly found in Bolivian and Peruvian sierra and plateau, northern Chile, north and north-western Argentina, and less often in Ecuador, Colombia and Venezuela. They date from 900 BC and originally made from llama bones. These examples are made from reeds. The airstream is split by blowing into the notch. Two octave chromatic scale. Also known as quenaquena or quinaquina (= 'full of holes')
a) Quena = qqena = kena
i. Gift from Rob Rowan, Santa Rosa 1994.
ii. PVC made by Ken Webster 1998.
iii. E. Gift made by Christiaan Dolislager 1998.
b) Quenacho in D. 1995.

29 OCARINAS
a) A comic plastic duck version of a widespread globular flute. Usually made from clay but sometimes wood. Ocarina means 'little goose'.
b) A double cavity tenor ocarina in both C and F. USA July 1995. Gift from Kathy Grant.
c) Clay ocarina. Hungary 1995. Donated by Anka Makovec.
d) Celtic song stones in C.
e) Chilean "face" ocarinas. Large in F.
f) Plastic ocarina in C. Hong Kong 1995
g) Clay echidna, Melbourne, 1996. Gift of Deacon Spicer.
h) Clay, Peru. Gift of Holly Grant, Xmas 1998.

30 PAN PIPES
a) Papua-New Guinea. Gift of Wayne Edwards.
b) Two-tiered pan pipes. Peru. 1990.
c) Bamboo. c1985.
d) Circular pan pipes. Thailand 1995.
e) Pan pipe raft. Los Angeles, 1995. Donated by Anka Makovec.
Also known as sicu, zampona in South America. Romanian pan pipes are very expensive, well made and have the best haunting sound.

31 PU'ILI STICKS
Bamboo Hawaiian rhythm sticks. Hit together or upon the hand or thigh. 1992. Gift of Kathy Grant.

32 PUNJI
Snake charmers shawm with drone and melody pipes coming from a gourd. India 1995

33 RAG-DUN
Collapsible Tibetan trumpet, 4 foot 10 inches. 1995

34 RAIN STICK
Chile 1994. The spines of a cocotillo cactus are pushed into the hollow centre. Small stones descend over the cactus spines to produce the sound of heavy rain if held vertically, or water trickling if held diagonally. Gift of Kathy Grant 1994.

35 RING FLUTES
The mouthpiece is formed by a ring covering a hole in the bore just below a node in bamboo or the end of the wood. The sound produced is beautiful but very weak.
a) Suling. Bali 1994. Donated by Anka Makovec.
b) Bali. 1978. Ring missing. Donated by Wayne Edwards.

36 SAW
Sandvik musical saw. Specially hammered to play when bowed or tapped. Its teeth are not set. 1995.

37 SHAKUHACHI
Plastic in C by Lew Paxton Price, California 1995. Scale is C, D#, F, G, A#, C

38 SHAWMS
Shawms were the precursors of the modern oboe. Usually have a double reed.
a) Nepalese curved shawm with brass and copper bell. Very shrill sound. 1995.
b) Windcap shawm. Cylindrical bore. Single reed like bagpipe drone reed. Lips must seal inside windcap and has to be blown with full force to give a reliable sound, but not a loud instrument. Brittany 1993.

39 SHOFAR
Jewish ritual ram's horn trumpet. Israel. Donated by Doug Sheehan 1995.

40 SPOONS
Wooden French-Canadian, 1995

41 TAROGATINO
Made by Linsey Pollak, Kin Kin, from mulga. Uses a clarinet reed on a cut down clarinet mouthpiece. A precursor to Linsey's saxillo. Bought from Bill O'Toole 1994. Played by Bill on Sirocco's Breath of Time CD.

42 TARKA
Andean end blown duct flutes. Found mostly in Chile and Bolivia. Usually blown very hard to get a hoarse sound producing the fundamental and the octave together. Small,1993. Large Bolivian donated by Kathy Grant, September 1995.

43 UDU
Classical clay drums. May be filled with water which can be swirled as they are played by alternating hand slaps over the holes.
a) Classical shape. Made by Sheza, Latrobe, 1996
b) Double cavity. Sheza, 1996.

44 WHIRLING DRUM
Tik-tak drum. The stem is rotated between the two open hands so that the beads hit the drum head. Also called prayer drum.

45 WHISTLES
a) African festival whistle. Two tones sound together when the whistle is blown. Blowing whilst putting a fingertip into one side notch isolates the higher tone. i) 1993. ii) Gift of Holly Grant 1997
b) Samba whistle. When the whistle is blown a second note can be sounded by covering the small holes at the end of the transverse arm. Brazil 1994.

46 ZILS
Finger cymbals. Used rhythmically between the thumbs and fingers of belly dancers.
a) Cheap, 1994.
b) Brass i) Intermediate 1996
ii) Professional 1996

47 ZUFFARA
From Earthshaking Percussion, Atlanta, 1997

48 ZURNA
Arabian double reed folk oboe found in Turkey, south-east Europe and parts of Asia. A very loud outdoor instrument with one and a half octaves and played with a continuous blowing technique. Played at wrestling matches. Three eight time if the bout is undecided but quadruple time if one contestant is about to win. Usually 30 - 45 cms long, but up to 60 cms. Also called mizmar (Egypt), zukra (Tunisia), ghayta (Morocco), zournas (Greece) and surla (Romania). This piece is a hybrid of a zurna and a Chinese suona made from gidgee wood by Linsey Pollak, Kin Kin, Queensland, August 1995.

49 Saxophones

Alto
i) Yamaha 1988
ii) Hawkes & Son
Baritone 1990
Soprano 1973
Concert flute. Yamaha 1968
Electronic Wind Instrument 1991
Piccolo 1978
Tuba 1990
Guitar 1968